Class 8th Chapter -6 Computer (Introduction to Data Science)

 Chapter 6: Introduction to Data Science

Checkpoint (Pg.110)

Fill in the blanks.

1. outcomes

2. data collection

3. experiences

4. trends

5. Quantitative

Exercises (Pg. 113-115)

A. Tick (✓) the correct answers.

1. b

2. b

3. b

4. a

5. b

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. data cleaning

2. Qualitative data

3. data visualisation

4. Modelling

5. Optimisation and deployment

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. F

A. Answer the following questions in short.

Q.1    How many types of  data are in data science? 

Ans:-     Data can be classified into two types :- qualitative data and quantitative data. 

Q.2    Who coined the term "Data Science"? 

Ans:-     Peter Naur in 1974.

Q.3    Who laid the foundation of data analysis in 1962?

Ans:-      John Tukey.

Q.4  What is a common tool used in data science today? 

Ans:-    Python

B. Answer the following questions in long.

Q.1    What is Data Science and how does it contribute to decision making ?

Ans:- Data science is the field that focuses on collecting  mathematics, statistics, and computer science to collect and analyse data, uncover insights, and predict trends. It empowers industries to solve problems, optimise operations, and make smarter decisions through machine learning, AI, and big data technologies.

Q.2    Describe the key stages in the data science process. 

The data science process includes six key stages: problem identification, data collection, cleaning, exploration, modeling, and deployment. It begins by defining the problem and gathering relevant data. After cleaning and analyzing patterns, predictive models are built and optimized. Finally, the model is deployed to make informed decisions, such as identifying customer churn and enabling proactive retention strategies.

Q.3    List Five uses of Data Science ? 

Ans:-    Data science is used across a wide range of fields, from business and healthcare to sports and entertainment. Here are some of the most important applications of data science:

• Healthcare: In healthcare, data science is used to analyse patient records, predict disease outbreaks, and even develop personalised treatment plans based on a patient’s medical history. 

• Finance: Financial institutions use data science to analyse market trends, assess risks, and detect fraud. 

• E-commerce: Online stores like Amazon use data science to recommend products to customers, track purchasing behaviour, and optimise pricing.

• Sports: Teams use data science to analyse player performance, predict the outcome of games, and develop strategies. 

Q.4 Write three advantages and disadvantages of data science . 

Ans:-   Advantages of Data Science

• Data science provides insights that help individuals and businesses make more informed decisions.

• Data science allows for the automation of repetitive tasks, which increases efficiency and reduces human error.

• Data science can forecast future trends, giving businesses a competitive advantage by helping them prepare for future events.

Disadvantages of Data Science

• The collection and analysis of large amounts of personal data raises concerns about privacy and security.

• If the data used for analysis is biased or unrepresentative, the conclusions drawn from it can be incorrect or misleading.

• Implementing data science projects can be expensive due to the need for specialised tools, software, and experts.    

Class 7th Chapter -3

Chapter 3: Advanced Features of MS Excel

 Checkpoint (Pg. 52)

Write T for True and F for False.

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

Exercises (Pgs. 55-57)

A. Tick (✓) the correct answers.

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. b

5. b

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. column

2. Sort

3. Filter

4. Line

5. Bar

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. F

5. F

A. Answer the following questions.

Q.1    What is Chart ? 

Ans :- Charts are a useful tool for turning data into visual representations, making it easier to understand and compare different sets of information. In MS Excel 2019, charts are linked to the data in your worksheet. This means that if the data changes, the chart will automatically update.

Q.2    Explain any four elements of a chart ? 

Ans:-     A chart consists of several elements that help make it easier to read and interpret. Let us learn about some of these.

• Chart Title: It is the heading or label given to a chart.

• Axis Title: Axis titles are the labels given to the X-axis (horizontal axis) and Y-axis (vertical axis). These titles provide additional information about the data represented along each axis.

• Data Series: A data series is a set of related data points that are plotted on the chart.

• Plot Area: The plot area is the area within a chart that displays the actual data, bounded by the X-axis and Y-axis. This is where the data points are visually shown.

Q.3    Explain about  column chart and  Pie chart ? 

Ans:-     Column :-    Column charts use vertical bars to represent data and are ideal for comparing different categories . 

Pie Chart :-     A pie chart is useful for comparing parts of a whole . Each slice represents a different value ,making it easy to see the percentage each part contributes to the total . The sum of all the slices in a pie chart is always 100 percent. 

Q.4    What do you understand by Sorting Data and Filtering data ?

Ans:-    Sorting Data :-     Sorting data in Excel helps to organise it in a specific order ,making it easier to analyse .You can sort data either alphabetically or numerically . 

Filtering Data :-     The Filter tool in Excel helps you quickly extract the information you need from large data sets by displaying only the row that meet specific conditions you can filter data in two ways :- 1. Auto Filter , 2. Advanced Filter 

Q.5    How many types of Chart are there in Excel ? 

Ans:-   There are seven types of charts in Excel. 

1.    Column Chart 

2.    Line Chart 

3.    Pie Chart 

4.    Bar Chart 

5.    Surface Chart

6.    Doughnut Chart 

7.    Scatter Chart 

What is Java ?? Some Basic Example of Java . Fundamental of Java.

What is Java ?

 We know that java is a highly secure and decent language. Most of Developer use java coding in his project. If you want to a developer so i think you have learn about java......here we will know that why java is popular why we should learn java language.

Definition:-  "Java is a free platform independent language it purely object oriented programming Language"

History Of Java- : Java language developed by Sun Microsystems  Company by James Gosling in 1995. Its developed for purpose of problem solving but now it develop many application and web application runs on java coding. 

Java have more feature to attract user its develop Applets but now its updated and use awt and Swing  feature to create Good Graphical User Interface.

Feature of Java :- 

 If we Talk about its feature so we have know that its popularity its run on any where if we are using mobile phone , playing games and using any software everywhere is Java.

(i) Its Object Oriented Programming Language.

(ii) its purely secure because nobody can't  easily hack .

Some important Tokens,...

• Tokens :-  Tokens are use for the Java program elements identifiers by compiler . its smallest and understating to the compiler . some Keywords, Identifiers , Constants , variable, string and operators supported by Tokens.  

• Keywords :- Java keywords are one the 50 reserved keyword but these keywords not use like identifiers .  Abstract, class public, import extends , for , while  etc are the keywords.

• Identifiers :-  Identifier are the names of variables method,packages,classes and interfaces. if you want to create class and give the name that name called is identifier. its must be written in letters , underscore, and dollar sign . but identifiers start only letter.

• Constants:-  Constant value we can't change when program is executed.This value  may be digit or character. 

There are two types of constant .

(i) Character constant :-   These constant is single or string constants like if its single constant 

  ( single letter) so its use with single quotes ('A') but its a string (means its name two or more letter make string ) so it use with double quotes("India").

(ii)  Numeric Constant :-  This type constant is a integer or real constant. real constant is if we enter any number like 34,44,-45 so its integer constant but we put 3.14, 0.589  value so its real constant because we know (Pai = 3.14) .Real constant always be real this value never be can change. 

•  Data Types :-   Data types use for  to give memory space for data. if we put any value so its have some size so its size define in data type . It use for representing the data in main memory (RAM) of the computer.

There are five types of data type so its take some memory by its value size.

(i) boolean                  :-    Its has only default value (0) so it use only 1 bit.

(ii) int( integer)         :-       Its integer value like any digit so its take 2 bit.

(iii) char.                    :-  Its have character data  so its also have 1 bit.

(iv) float.                    :- Real Data like any fractional value  so its take 4 bit.

(v) double.                 :-    Twice the precision of float value so its take 8 bit.

• Variable :-  Its can be digit,  number or both. like a.b or a2 b2. if we make any program so we can use variable that declare in data type because variable define that given value identify the data type.

Example :- Syntax-  Data type <variable,variable 2.>;

                                    int  a,b,c

                                    float d,f;

                                    char c,d,e;

there is a ,b,c,d,e,f are the variables.

 Some Examples Of Java Program.

Here We Write Some Program Of Java

First Example:- Hello Java Program In Java.

class HelloDemo

{

Public static void main (String [] args)

{

System.out.println("Hello Java");

}

}

          Save As:- HelloDemo.java

         Output:-  Hello Java